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* IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
Date of Decision: September 01, 2014
+ ITA 233/2013
COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX-II
..... Appellant
Through: Mr.Kamal Sawhney, Sr.Standing
Counsel with Mr.Sanjay Kumar,
Advocate
versus
M/S. LAKSHMI SUGAR MILLS CO. LIMITED
..... Respondent
Through: Mr.Rahul Chaudhary, Advocate
CORAM:
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SANJIV KHANNA
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE V. KAMESWAR RAO
SANJIV KHANNA, J (ORAL)
1. By order dated 09.10.2013, the following substantial question of law
was framed in this appeal, which pertains to the Assessment Year 2008-09
and arises out of the order dated 17.07.2012 passed by the Income Tax
Appellate Tribunal (Tribunal, in short):-
"Whether the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal was right in
holding that excise duty of Rs. 70,87,357/- shown as payable
but not paid can be allowed as an expenditure under Section
43B read with Section 145A of the Income Tax Act, 1961?"
ITA No. 233/2013 Page 1 of 9
2. The respondent-assessee was engaged in the business of manufacture
and sale of sugar. It was also having income from house property.
3. The Assessing Officer disallowed amount of Rs. 70,87,357/- by
invoking Section 43B of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (Act, in short), relying
upon the audit report wherein, this amount was shown as Excise Duty
payable. He observed that similar treatment was given to the excise duty
payable in the Assessment Year 2005-06. There is no other discussion and
elucidation in the order passed by the Assessing Officer.
4. In the first appeal, the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals)
deleted the said addition relying upon the order passed by the Tribunal in
respect of the Assessment Year 2005-06 in favour of the respondent-
assessee. On further appeal by the Revenue, this issue was decided in
favour of the respondent-assessee and against the Revenue by again relying
upon order passed by the Tribunal for the Assessment Year 2005-06.
5. Learned counsel for the Revenue has drawn our attention to the order
dated 03.12.2012 passed in ITA No. 1288/2011, Commissioner of Income
Tax Vs. Lakshmi Sugar Mills Co. Ltd. relating to the Assessment Year
2005-06 and it is submitted that the decision of the Tribunal has been
reversed. This is correct; the decision of the Tribunal for the Assessment
ITA No. 233/2013 Page 2 of 9
Year 2005-06 has been reversed by the High Court and the issue decided
against the respondent-assessee. The reasoning given by the High Court in
ITA No. 1288/2011, CIT Vs. Lakshmi Sugar Mills Co. Ltd. decided on
03.12.2012 reads as under:
"13. Section 145-A reads as follows:
145A. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained
in section 145,--
(a) the valuation of purchase and sale of goods and
inventory for the purposes of determining the income
chargeable under the head "Profits and gains of business or
profession" shall be--
(i) in accordance with the method of accounting regularly
employed by the assessee; and
(ii) further adjusted to include the amount of any tax, duty,
cess or fee (by whatever name called) actually paid or
incurred by the assessee to bring the goods to the place of its
location and condition as on the date of valuation.
Explanation.--For the purposes of this section, any tax,
duty, cess or fee (by whatever name called) under any law
for the time being in force, shall include all such payment
notwithstanding any right arising as a consequence to such
payment.
(b) interest received by an assessee on compensation or
on enhanced compensation, as the case may be, shall be
deemed to be the income of the year in which it is received."
Section 145 of the Act obliges every assessee to maintain, subject
to accounting standards which may be notified by the Central
Government, books of accounts on cash or mercantile basis.
Section 145-A begins with a non-obstante clause, and prescribes
that the value of goods shall be "further adjusted to include the
ITA No. 233/2013 Page 3 of 9
amount of any tax, duty, cess or fee (by whatever name called)
actually paid". This provision was introduced in 1999, and
overrides other provisions. Its object is to include, for the purpose
of valuation of goods, the actual amount of tax, duty, cess or fee,
paid by the assessee. Unlike in the case of Section 43-B, which
mandates the inclusion, in the computation of income, amounts
paid, towards certain liabilities, including tax, but not actually
arising or accruing at the time of payment, this provision (Section
145-A) directs inclusion of the amounts of tax, duty etc, actually
paid for the purpose of valuation alone.
14. The decision of the Supreme Court in Orient Paper Mills
Ltd. Vs. Union of India AIR 1967 SC 1564 is now an authority on
the issue that removal of goods from the factory premises, or other
specified place implies that it is leviable, and not postponed. The
observation of the Supreme Court in that regard are as follows:
"Thus, though Section 3 of the Excise Act talks of levy and
collection, the actual collection is only at the time of
removed [sic, removal] of excisable goods from the factory premises
or any other specified place of removal. The duty is leviable and is
premises or any other specified place of removal. The duty is
leviable and is actually imposed on the transaction value
defined in subsection (3) (d) of section 4 of the Excise Act.
these circumstances, it is not possible to state that under the
Excise Act, the duty has become due and payable only by
operation of section 3 simplicter. If Section 3 of the Excise
Act is considered to be the only charging section and section
4 of the Excise Act is considered as only a provision for
assessment, the charge levied by section 3 of the Excise Act
cannot be brought home. Section 3 and 4 have to be read
together to bring the charge home. The charge is partially
embedded in both the provisions".
15. In the present case, the sum of Rs. 69,91,983/- no doubt
was unpaid; however, the assessee's contention is not merited,
because the goods were admittedly removed, and therefore the
duty was payable. The assessee cannot profit or take advantage
from that default or omission. Having regard to the object and
ITA No. 233/2013 Page 4 of 9
the wording of Section 145-A, it is held that the AO's opinion could
not have been faulted in the facts of the case".
6. The aforesaid paragraphs state that as per Section 145A, which is a
non-obstante provision and prescribes manner of valuation of goods, any
tax, duty, cess or fee actually paid or incurred has to be added to the value of
the stock. Thus, Section 145A of the Act directs inclusion of tax, duty etc.,
actually paid or incurred for the purpose of valuation. Reference was
thereafter made to Orient Paper Mills Ltd. Vs. Union of India, AIR 1967
SC 1564 and it was observed that levy of duty arises only at the time when
the excisable goods are removed from the factory premises or any other
specified place of removal. The duty is leviable and is actually imposed on
the transaction value defined in the Excise Act as per Sections 3 and 4,
which have to be read together harmoniously. Paragraph 15 of the said
judgment specifically records that the goods in the said case were admittedly
removed, and therefore, the duty was payable but had not been paid. Thus,
the question was decided against the respondent-assessee.
7. Learned counsel for the respondent-assessee, on this aspect, has
drawn our attention to the decision of the Bombay High Court in
Commissioner of Income Tax-III, Pune Vs. Loknete Balasaheb Desai
S.S.K. Ltd., [2011] 339 ITR 288 (Bom.) wherein, it has been observed as
ITA No. 233/2013 Page 5 of 9
under:
"8. Section 145A inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998
w.e.f. 1/4/1999 reads thus:
145A. Method of accounting in certain cases-Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary contained in Section 145, the valuation
of purchase and sale of goods and inventory for the purposes of
determining the income chargeable under the head "Profits and
gains of business or profession" shall be--
(a) in accordance with the method of accounting regularly
employed by the Assessee, and
(b) further adjusted to include the amount of tax, duty, cess or
fee (by whatever name called) actually paid or incurred by the
Assessee to bring the goods to the place of its location and
condition as on the date of valuation.
Explanation -For the purposes of this section, any tax, duty,
cess or fee (by whatever name called) under any law for the
time being in force, shall include all such payments
notwithstanding any right arising as a consequence to such
payment.
9. The expression 'incurred by the Assessee' in Section 145A(b)
is followed by the words 'to bring the goods to the place of its
location and condition as on the date of valuation'. Thus, the
expression 'incurred by the Assessee' relates to the liability
determined as tax, duty, cess or fee payable in bringing the
goods to the place of its location and condition of the goods.
Explanation to Section 145A(b) makes it further clear that the
income chargeable under the head profits and gains of business
shall be adjusted by the amount paid as tax, duty, cess or fee.
Therefore, the expression 'incurred' in Section 145A(b) must be
construed to mean the liability actually incurred by the
Assessee.
ITA No. 233/2013 Page 6 of 9
10. Where the excisable goods are manufactured and are lying
in stock on the last day of the accounting year, whether the
manufacturer has incurred liability to pay excise duty on the
manufactured goods is the question.
11. The Apex Court in the case of Commissioner of Central
Excise v. Polyset Corporation and Anr. reported in 115 ELT 41
(S.C.) has held that the dutiability of excisable goods is
determined with reference to the date of manufacture and the
rate of excise duty payable has to be determined with reference
to the date of clearance of the goods. Therefore, though the
date of manufacture is the relevant date for dutiability, the
relevant date for the duty liability is the date on which the
goods are cleared. In other words, in respect of excisable goods
manufactured and lying in stock, the excise duty liability would
get crystallised on the date of clearance of goods and not on the
date of manufacture. Therefore, till the date of clearance of the
excisable goods the excise duty payable on the said goods does
not get crystalised and consequently the Assessee cannot be
said to have incurred the excise duty liability. In respect of the
excisable goods lying in stock, no liability is determined as
payable and consequently, there would be no question of
incurring excise duty liability.
12. In the present case, it is not in dispute that the
manufactured sugar was lying in stock and the same were not
cleared from the factory. Therefore, in the facts of the present
case, the ITAT was justified in holding that in respect of unsold
sugar lying in stock, central excise liability was not incurred
and consequently the addition of excise duty made by the
assessing officer to the value of the excisable goods was liable
to be deleted."
8. This Court, on 21.10.2013 had passed a detailed order, noticing the
fact that the closing stock can consist of opening stock, purchases and
manufactured stock. Reference was then made to the statutory mandate of
ITA No. 233/2013 Page 7 of 9
Section 145A of the Act, that the valuation of the closing stock must include
any tax, duty, cess or fee actually paid or incurred by the assessee to bring
the goods to the place of its location and condition on the date of valuation.
The issue in the present case relates to valuation of the manufactured goods.
The contention of the respondent-assessee was that on manufactured goods,
excise duty is payable after adjustment of CENVAT or MODVAT credit on
the date of removal and not on the date of manufacture. Thereafter,
reference was made to Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) circular No.
772 dated 23.12.1998, which was quoted in paragraph 11 of the decision
dated 03.12.2012 in CIT Vs. Lakshmi Sugar Mills Co. Ltd. (supra), clearly
observing that MODVAT credit cannot be reduced from the value of
opening or closing stock. Directions were given to the parties to verify and
ascertain facts. However, we do not think, the aforesaid exercise can be
safely and under the Statute undertaken by this Court in an appeal under
Section 260A of the Act, which relates to substantial questions of law. We
have already noticed the facts in the present case that the appellate
authorities had simply relied on the order passed by the Tribunal in the
Assessment Year 2005-06, which as noticed above, stands reversed by the
High Court. Facts are also not clearly brought out in the assessment order.
ITA No. 233/2013 Page 8 of 9
In these circumstances, we deem it appropriate to answer the aforesaid
question of law in favour of the Revenue but, with an order of remand, and
direct the Tribunal to decide the issue afresh in the light of the aforesaid
observations and the position of law. The Tribunal, before deciding the
issue, will first ascertain and determine the actual and true factual position.
9. The appeal stands disposed of. No costs.
SANJIV KHANNA, J
V. KAMESWAR RAO, J
SEPTEMBER 01, 2014/akb
ITA No. 233/2013 Page 9 of 9
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