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* IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
+ ITA No. 40 of 2005
Reserved on: August 23, 2017
Date of decision: August 31, 2017
COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX ..... Appellant
Through: Mr. Raghvendra Singh, Advocate.
versus
NEW DELHI TELEVISION LIMITED ..... Respondent
Through: Mr. M.S. Syali, Senior Advocate with
Mr. Mayank Nagi, Advocate.
CORAM:
JUSTICE S. MURALIDHAR
JUSTICE PRATHIBA M. SINGH
JUDGMENT
%
Dr. S. Muralidhar, J.:
1. This appeal, under Section 260A of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (`Act'), is
directed against the impugned order dated 26 th July 2004 passed by the
Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (`ITAT') in ITA No. 1757/Del/2003 for the
Assessment Year (`AY') 1999-2000.
2. While admitting this appeal on 17th August 2005 the Court framed the
following question of law for consideration:-
"Whether the ITAT was correct in law in holding that the
television news software produced and exported by the
Respondent/Assessee outside the country was customised
ITA 40 of 2005 Page 1 of 13
electronic data eligible for deduction under Section 80 HHE of
the Income Tax Act, 1961?"
Background facts
3. The background facts are that the Assessee, New Delhi Television
Limited (`NDTV'), is engaged inter alia in the production of news software
television programmes.
4. On 21st February 1997 an agreement was entered into between the
Assessee and New Delhi Television (India) Private Limited (`NTVI') in
terms of which it was agreed that the Assessee would be responsible for the
production of the entire software (programming) for a 24-hour Indian news
channel which would be supplied to NTVI which would in turn broadcast
the said channel through STAR TV or enter into arrangements with other
companies to provide for the broadcast of the channel. It was further agreed
that NTVI would broadcast the channel via Satellite Cable or any other
means deemed appropriate. Inter alia, it was agreed that the Assessee would
export to STAR TV programme/footage tapes relating to the channel for the
purpose of broadcasting overseas. The annual consideration payable by the
Assessee for the purpose was set out in the agreement. NTVI would be
solely responsible for the uplinking, transmission and distribution of the
24-hour news channel programming from Delhi, Hong Kong and/or other
such programme uplinking sites, at its cost. A Memorandum of
Understanding (`MoU') dated 21st March 1998 was entered into between the
Assessee and STAR TV/NTVI.
ITA 40 of 2005 Page 2 of 13
Assessment order
5. For the AY in question, i.e. 1999-00, the Assessee filed its return
declaring an income of Rs. 3,15,03,570 on 29th December 1999. The return
was picked up for scrutiny and notice was served upon the Assessee by the
Assessing Officer (`AO') under Section 143 (2) of the Act. Further, a notice
under Section 142 (1) along with a questionnaire dated 12th December 2001
was issued.
6. In the return, the Assessee claimed deduction of Rs. 15,76,17,840 under
Section 80HHE of the Act. The Assessee explained to the AO that the
production process involved collection of news by receiving inputs by way
of audio/video footage of various news stories, editing/processing the same
and conversion of machine signals into images. The AO noted that under
Section 80HHE deduction can be allowed only if "export of compu ter
software is made."
7. The AO noted that, in terms of clause (b) of the Explanation to Section
80HHE, `computer software' means any computer programme recorded in
any disk/tape including any such programme of `customized electronic
data', which is transmitted from India to outside world by any means. The
AO concluded that "the production of news software by no means can be
described as computer software." It was noted that with effect from 1st April
2000, by virtue of Finance Act (`FA'), 1999, TV news software was covered
under Section 80HHF.
8. The AO disallowed the deduction under Section 80HHE on the ground
that "the Assessee company is not engaged in the production and export of
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computer software." Another ground on which the deduction was refused
was that according to the AO, the agreement between NDTV and NTVI and
the MoU dated 21st March 1998 between the Assessee and STAR TV/NTVI
showed that the Assessee was not an exporter of computer software. It was
only engaged in the production of news programmes which were being
handed over to NTVI for uplinking and onward transmission. The Assessee
had taken on lease satellite space from VSNL and had sub-leased it to
NDTVI. Accordingly, it was concluded by the AO that the Assessee was not
involved in the export of television programmes.
Clause (b) of the Explanation to Section 80 HHE
9. At this stage it requires to be noticed that Section 80HHE provided for
"deduction in respect of the profits from export of computer software etc."
Sub-section (1) of Section 80HHE states that an Indian company engaged in
the business of export or transmission of computer software to a place
outside India, or providing technical services outside India in connection
with the development or production of computer software, would be entitled
to a deduction "to the extent of the profits, referred to in sub-section (1B),
derived by the Assessee from such business". Explanation (b) to Section
80HHE, as it stood during the AY, in question reads as under:
"(b) `computer software' means any computer programme recorded
on any disc, tape, perforated media or other information storage
device and includes any such programme or any customized
electronic data which is transmitted from India to a place outside
India by any means."
10. The above clause (b) was substituted with effect from 1 st April 2001 by
the FA 2000, as under:
ITA 40 of 2005 Page 4 of 13
"(b) `computer software' means
(i) any computer programme recorded on any disc, tape, perforated
media or other information storage device; or
(ii) any customised electronic data or any product or service of similar
nature as may be notified by the Board.
which is transmitted or exported from India to a place outside India by
any means."
11. It is important to note that the substituted clause became effective only
from 1st April 2001 and therefore, did not apply to the AY in question. The
other important aspect to be noted is that the words "or any customised
electronic data" occurring in clause (b) of the Explanation was inserted with
effect from 1st April 1999 and therefore, was applicable during the AY in
question. The rationale behind the introduction of those words was set out in
Circular No. 772 dated 23rd December 1998. Para 36.1 of which read as
under:
"36.1 Under the existing provisions of Section 80HHE, 100%
deduction is allowed on profits derived from export of computer
software provided the sale consideration is received in or brought into
India inconvertible foreign exchange. Software exports have grown
exponentially in recent years. With a view to increasing India's
market share in the international arena, the Explanation (b) below
this section has been extended to include `any customised electronic
data' within the meaning of `computer software'. The benefits of
deduction have also been extended to supporting software developers.
With this in view, the proviso to sub-section (1); and sub-section
(1A), (3A) and (4A) have been inserted by the Act so that the benefit
of export can also be passed on to software developers by software
exporting companies." (emphasis supplied)
ITA 40 of 2005 Page 5 of 13
12. As already noticed, a change was brought about in Section 80HHF
which was inserted by FA 1999 with effect from 1 st April 2000. Sub-section
(1) of Section 80HHF clearly envisages export or import by any means
outside India inter alia of television news software. In fact from 1st April
2000 onwards the Assessee has been claiming deduction of profits from
export of television news software only under Section 80HHF of the Act.
13. Therefore, it is only for one AY, i.e., AY 1999-2000 that the question
arises viz., whether television news software exported by the Assessee falls
within the definition `customized electronic data' occurring in clause (b) of
the Explanation to Section 80HHE of the Act.
Order of the CIT (A)
14. To revert to the sequence of events, aggrieved by the assessment order
the Assessee filed an appeal before the Commissioner of Income Tax
(Appeals) [`CIT (A)'] specific to the issue on hand. The Assessee pointed
out that by its letters dated 28th December 2001, 5th March 2002 and 18th
March 2002 it had made detailed submissions to the AO explaining what
constituted computer software and how the activity undertaken by the
Assessee is export of computer software. The Assessee urged that on a
harmonious construction of the words `programme' and `computer' it
became apparent that what was produced by the Assessee fitted within the
definition of `computer programme' under Explanation (b) to Section
80HHE of the Act.
15. Without prejudice to the above submissions, the Assessee contended that
"the activity of the Assessee also falls within the meaning of the expression
ITA 40 of 2005 Page 6 of 13
`customized electronic data' which was inserted with effect from 1 st April
1999". The assessee pointed out that the television programme produced
was customized according to the specification and directions of its
customers like STAR TV etc. The format, the editorial standard, the
production standard, the technical standard, the quality standard, the graphic
standard, the look and free, "are all customized." Further, it was contended
that considering the meaning of the word `customized', `electronic' and
`data', the programme produced by the Assessee also "falls within the said
expression, i.e., customised electronic data."
16. The CIT (A) disagreed with the Assessee. After analysing the definition
of `computer programme' under Section 80 HHE of the Act, the CIT (A)
concluded that "it means basically the set of coded instruction which enable
the computer to solve a problem." The CIT (A) held that the Assessee was
"not engaged in the business of any such computer programme." It was
further held that data was not a final product in itself. It had to be operated
upon by series of operations. It had to be interpreted to make a final product.
The CIT (A) concluded that the Assessee was "making a final product, i.e.,
news software which is different from the data. Data is entirely different
than the product produced by the Assessee." The CIT (A) held that the
Assessee was not engaged in the business of customized electronic data.
Consequently, the Assessee was held not entitled to the deduction under
Section 80HHE during the AY in question.
Order of the ITAT
17. Aggrieved by the order of the CIT (A), the Assessee went before the
ITA 40 of 2005 Page 7 of 13
ITAT. In the impugned order, the ITAT discussed in detail the activities of
the Assessee, which included the programme planning, data collection and
input, graphics, editing and transmission of the final product. The Assessee
was held entitled to the deduction under Section 80HHE of the Act.
However, in coming to the said conclusion, the ITAT placed reliance on
clause (b) of the Explanation to 80HHE which was effective from 1st April
2001. The ITAT also referred to its decision in ACIT v. Amadeus India Pvt.
Ltd. (decision dated 17th January 2001 in ITA No. 4616 of 1998).
Submissions of counsel for the Revenue
18. Mr. Raghvendra Singh, learned Senior standing counsel for the Revenue,
at the outset pointed out that there was an error on the face of the impugned
order inasmuch the ITAT's conclusion was based on clause (b) of the
Explanation to Section 80HHE which admittedly was not in operation
during the AY in question viz., AY 1999-00. Mr. Singh accordingly
submitted that the matter had to be remanded to the ITAT for a fresh
adjudication on merits, leaving open the contentions of both parties to be
urged before the ITAT.
19. Secondly, it was submitted by Mr. Singh that even otherwise the entire
approach of the Assessee in the manner of proving its entitlement to
deduction under Section 80HHE was faulty. Mr. Singh submitted that it was
not enough for the Assessee to break up the composite expression
`customized electronic data' to show that each of the individual components
of that expression stood satisfied. Mr. Singh had some reservation about the
question framed by the Court as it placed an unfair burden on the Revenue
to show that the television news software produced by the Assessee did not
ITA 40 of 2005 Page 8 of 13
fall within the expression `any customized electronic data. It was for the
Assessee to lead positive evidence to that effect.
Submissions of learned Senior counsel for the Assessee
20. Mr. M.S. Syali, learned Senior counsel for the Appellant-Assessee, on
the other hand opposed the request for remand of the proceedings. While
Mr. Syali did not dispute that the ITAT had in the impugned order referred
to a clause in the Explanation which was not applicable to the AY in
question, he submitted that on merits there was sufficient material for the
Court to conclude whether the Assessee was entitled to deduction under
Section 80HHE. A remand to the ITAT would only further delay the
matters considering that AY 1999-2000 was involved.
21. Mr. Syali pointed out that the facts were self-explanatory. There was no
basis for the AO and the CIT (A) to hold that the Assessee was not exporting
computer software as envisaged in clause (b) of the Explanation to Section
80HHE of the Act. A reference was made to the decision of this Court in
Commissioner of Income Tax v. Kiran Kapoor (2015) 372 ITR 321 (Del).
Mr. Syali submitted that on facts it had been demonstrated with sufficient
clarity by the Assessee that it had exported television news software in the
AY in question.
Analysis and reasons
22. At the outset it requires to be noticed that although two issues arose from
the claim made by the Assessee for deduction under Section 80HHE of the
Act, only one survives for consideration. The issue whether the benefit of
deduction under Section 80 HHE of the Act would be available not to the
ITA 40 of 2005 Page 9 of 13
Assessee but to NTVI appears to have been finally decided in favour of the
Assessee without any further challenge by the Revenue. In any event no
question has been framed on this issue.
23. To recapitulate, the question that requires to be examined is whether the
television news software produced and exported by the Assessee outside the
country was 'customised electronic data' and thereby eligible for deduction
under Section 80 HHE of the Act?
24. It requires to be noticed that one of the questions that arose in
Commissioner of Income Tax v. Kiran Kapoor (supra) was whether the
activity of collection, collation, formatting of data and information and its
export) fulfils the conditions stipulated in Section 10B (2) of the Act? This
Court answered the above question in the affirmative and held as under:
"The expression "computer software" is wide enough to embrace
diverse activities. To eliminate any doubt, the reference to
"customised electronic data" in the second Explanation to Section
10B (2), Parliament enabled the Board (BCDT) to include (by
notification) diverse activities, which involve export of software, etc.
The notification relied on in the present case uses the expressions (iii)
content development or animation (iv) data processing .... (vii) human
resources services and (ix) legal data bases. Here, the very first head
"content development or animation" describes the process and is wide
enough to cover compilation of material or data and its transformation
into a ready to print/ready to publish book. It is also a "legal
database."
25. Turning to clause (b) of the Explanation to Section 80 HHE of the Act,
the Court is unable to agree with the contentions of Mr. Singh, learned
counsel for the Revenue that the words "or any customised electronic data"
has to take colour from the main part of clause (b) of the Explanation and
ITA 40 of 2005 Page 10 of 13
cannot be construed independent of it.
26. There are two parts to the definition `computer software'. First is the
exhaustive definition where the word "computer software" is used and this is
followed by `any computer programme recorded on any disc, tape,
perforated media'. Then there is the inclusive part of the definition where
the word includes any such programme or any customized electronic data.
The expression `any customized electronic data' is preceded by the
disjunctive `or' which clearly indicates that any customized electronic data
would also be considered to be `computer software' under the inclusive part
of the definition. The principle of ejusdem generis will not apply in the
instant case particularly in the context under which this provision was
introduced.
27. Circular No. 772 dated 23rd December 1998 explained the rationale
behind introduction of these words. It acknowledged that "software exports
have grown exponentially in recent years" and there was need to increase
India's market share in the international arena. Therefore, the expression
`any customized electronic data' requires a liberal interpretation. The
amendment to clause (b) of the Explanation makes it more explicit. Section
80HHF (1) now envisages computer software including television news
software. Therefore, the position for the AY 2000-01 onwards is not in
doubt.
28. In Regional Director, Employees' State Insurance Corporation v. High
Land Coffee Works of P.F.X. Saldanha and Sons (1991) 3 SCC 617 the
Supreme Court explained the word `include' as under:
ITA 40 of 2005 Page 11 of 13
"The word `include' in the statutory definition is generally used to
enlarge the meaning of the preceding words and it is by way of
extension, and not with restriction. The word `include' is very
generally used in interpretation clauses in order to enlarge the
meaning of words or phrases occurring in the body of the statute; and
when it is so used, these words or phrases must be construed as
comprehending not only such things as they signify according to their
natural import but also those things which the interpretation clause
declares that they shall include. [See (i) Stroud's Judicial Dictionary,
5th Edn. Vol. 3, p. 1263 and (ii) CIT v. Taj Mahal Hotel AIR 1972 SC
168, (iii) State of Bombay v. Hospital Mazdoor Sabha AIR 1960 SC
610]."
29. On facts, the Court finds that the Assessee has been able to demonstrate
that the television news software produced by it for the AY in question was
indeed `customized electronic data' which was exported from India to a
place outside India. The entire process of making the programmes was to
meet the requirement of STAR TV during the AY in question and the use of
several software programmes for such production was sufficient to enable
the ITAT to conclude in favour of the Assessee.
Conclusion
30. The factual findings of the ITAT, in any event, have not been shown to
be perverse. While the ITAT did err in relying on clause (b) to the
Explanation to Section 80 HHE of the Act, with considerable time having
elapsed, remanding the matter to the ITAT for that purpose would only
delay the matter further. Further, the Assessee has in the present case
discharged its onus of showing that the television programmes produced by
it answers the description of `computer software' under clause (b) to the
Explanation to Section 80HHE of the Act. Therefore, the ultimate
ITA 40 of 2005 Page 12 of 13
conclusion reached by the ITAT calls for no interference.
31. For all the aforementioned reasons, the question framed by the Court by
the order dated 17th August 2005 is answered in the affirmative, i.e., in
favour of the Assessee and against the Revenue. The conclusion reached by
the ITAT is affirmed but for the reasons different from that given by it.
32. The appeal is accordingly dismissed but, in the facts and circumstances
of the case, with no orders as to costs.
S. MURALIDHAR, J.
PRATHIBA M. SINGH, J.
AUGUST 31, 2017
Rm
ITA 40 of 2005 Page 13 of 13
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