US stock futures rose 1 per cent on Thursday after a sharp drop on Wall Street overnight, limiting losses in Asian share markets, though the focus was shifting to how Europe reacts to a sovereign debt crisis that is now threatening its banking system.

Major European markets also looked set to draw some comfort from the US futures bounce, with financial bookmakers predicting British, French and Germany stocks would open up as much as 1.6 per cent.

The Australian dollar, often a measure of investors' willingness to take risks, bounced above $1.02 as Asian equities pulled back from their lows, suggesting traders and investors were being nimble rather than selling with blinders on in the face of risks to global growth.

Trading was whippy and positions were built, slashed and then rebuilt within an hour. The euro crept higher, but Europe's devolving crisis was too complex and disturbing to make any long-term bets.

Fast-moving rumours about a sovereign debt downgrade of France as well as talk doubting the health of French banks swirled in Europe caused the biggest widening in the benchmark index of European credit default swaps on Wednesday since the credit crunch in 2008.

The three major rating agencies later reaffirmed France's AAA rating, and said its outlook was stable, but markets remain concerned that French banks are among the most exposed to a worsening of Europe's government debt crisis.

European policymakers have been struggling to keep the euro zone's government bond markets from being savaged, but Wednesday's price action suggested the problems may be rapidly spreading to the private sector.

"The market is in a bit of heat-seeking missile mode looking for vulnerabilities around the world, and Europe is obviously in its sights at this point in time," said Grant Turley, senior strategist at ANZ in Sydney.

GETTING DOMESTICATED

As S&P 500 futures firmed, Japan's Nikkei share average trimmed initial losses of 2.2 per cent and was down 0.7 per cent by midday , but still not far from a five-month low hit on Tuesday.

Carmakers and machinery makers fell as investors continued their shift into domestic-demand related and defensive sectors such as pharmaceuticals and retail from cyclicals, on worries over the state of the global economy and the strong yen.

Expectations the Bank of Japan would continue to step into the market to buy Nikkei exchange traded funds also limited the selloff in Tokyo.

By 0500 GMT, S&P futures were up 1.4 per cent after the cash index tumbled 4.4 per cent overnight on Europe's crisis and fears that the US economy could slide back into recession.

Tuesday's intraday low at 1,101 is major support for the index since it is also the 38.2 per cent retracement of the 2009-2011 rally.

The benchmark MSCI Asia Pacific ex-Japan stocks index also pared early losses and was down 0.3 per cent by midday, helped by outperforming telecommunications and consumer-related shares.

The index has fallen 13 per cent so far in August, in line with the all-country world index , suggesting investors were not being so discriminating in the equity sell-down.

Institutional fund managers were mostly confident about Asian assets and some have been trying to position their portfolios to gain when equities bounce and bond yield spreads over Treasuries tighten.

Khiem Do, head of Asian multi-asset with Baring Asset Management in Hong Kong, said some Asian mutual funds were seeing redemptions but nothing significant.

"From the perspective of long-term institutional investors, if anything there are more people on the buy side than on the sell side. Valuations are very attractive at the moment especially in the case of Asia," Do said.

AUSSIE BOUNCE

The euro bounced as equities recovered from their lows, but remained vulnerable, especially against the yen and Swiss franc .

The euro was at $1.4225, up 0.3 per cent on the day , though locked within a tight trading range by the debt crisis in Europe and the US economic slowdown.

"I think the EU debt problem is far bigger a concern for Asia than the US downgrade as investors are continuing to buy US Treasuries anyways," said Francis Cheung, senior strategist with Credit Agricole CIB in Hong Kong.

"I think we can see some rebounds here and there, but overall the sentiment is still very cautious."

High-yielding currencies were popular, with the Australian dollar up 0.9 per cent to $1.0240 , holding above Tuesday's drop to below parity but well off from $1.10 where the currency started the month.

Commodities were a mixed bag, with copper prices jumping and oil slipping, while precious metals slid after a margin increase by the CME Group on gold futures and the equities comeback.

Spot gold prices were down 0.7 per cent to $1,781.89 an ounce after earlier hitting an all-time high of $1,813.79. The undisputed safe haven has risen 11 per cent so far this month and is up 27 per cent in 2011.

The CME Group raised maintenance margins for trading Comex 100 Gold Futures <0#GC:> by 22.2 per cent, effective after the close of business on Thursday. The margin hike was not expected to be a big obstacle to further gold gains.

"It's difficult to see a great deal of selling, because we are in very, very volatile and uncertain times when markets are moving very violently. Gold has proven too much of an attraction as an alternative investment and the margins may not have as much influence," said Darren Heathcote, head of trading at Investec Australia.

Three-month copper on the London Metal Exchange rose 2.7 per cent to $8,828 a tonne, after losing 1.6 per cent in the last session.

Oil futures fell, with US crude for September delivery down 0.4 per cent at $82.58 a barrel though well off Tuesday's intraday low of $75.71. Prices had jumped overnight after an unexpected decline in US oil inventories.