RBI/FIDD/2017-2018/56
Master Direction FIDD.MSME & NFS.12/06.02.31/2017-18

July 24, 2017
(Updated as on July 29, 2022)
(Updated as on April 25, 2018)

The Chairman / Managing Director / Chief Executive Officer
All Scheduled Commercial Banks
(excluding Regional Rural Banks)

Madam/Dear Sir,

Master Direction - Lending to Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME) Sector

The Reserve Bank of India has, from time to time, issued a number of instructions / guidelines to banks relating to lending to the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Sector. The Master Direction enclosed incorporates the updated instructions / guidelines on the subject. The list of circulars consolidated in this Master Direction is indicated in the Appendix.

Yours faithfully

(Nisha Nambiar)
Chief General Manager

Master Direction – Reserve Bank of India [Lending to Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME) Sector] - Directions, 2017

In exercise of the powers conferred by Sections 21 and 35 A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, the Reserve Bank of India, being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest to do so, hereby, issues the Directions hereinafter specified.

CHAPTER – I
PRELIMINARY

1.1 Short Title and Commencement

a) These Directions shall be called the Reserve Bank of India [Lending to Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME) Sector] Directions, 2017.

b) These Directions shall come into effect on the day they are placed on the official website of the Reserve Bank of India.

1.2 Applicability

The provisions of these Directions shall apply to all Scheduled Commercial Banks (excluding Regional Rural Banks RRBs).

1.3 Definitions/ Clarifications

In these Directions, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms herein shall bear the meanings assigned to them as below:

a) The MSMED Act, 2006 means ‘Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006’ as notified by the Government of India on June 16, 2006 and the amendments, if any, carried out therein by the Government of India from time to time.

b) ‘Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises’ mean the enterprises as defined in the MSMED Act, 2006 and the amendments, if any, carried out therein by the Government of India from time to time.

c) ‘Priority Sector’ means the sectors specified in the Master Direction on Priority Sector Lending (PSL) – Targets and Classification dated September 4, 2020 as updated from time to time.

d) ‘Adjusted Net Bank Credit (ANBC)’ shall have the same meaning as given in the Master Direction on Priority Sector Lending (PSL) – Targets and Classification dated September 4, 2020 as updated from time to time.

CHAPTER – II

2. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006

2.1 In terms of Gazette Notification S.O. 2119 (E) dated June 26, 2020, an enterprise shall be classified as a micro, small or medium enterprise on the basis of the following criteria viz.,

1. a micro enterprise, where the investment in plant and machinery or equipment does not exceed ₹1 crore and turnover does not exceed ₹5 crore;

2. a small enterprise, where the investment in plant and machinery or equipment does not exceed ₹10 crore and turnover does not exceed ₹50 crore; and

3. a medium enterprise, where the investment in plant and machinery or equipment does not exceed ₹50 crore and turnover does not exceed ₹250 crore.

2.2 All the above enterprises are required to register online on the Udyam Registration portal and obtain ‘Udyam Registration Certificate’.

2.3 Retail and Wholesale trade are included as MSMEs for the limited purpose of priority sector lending and are allowed to be registered on Udyam Registration Portal.

2.4 Composite criteria of investment and turnover for classification

1. Composite criteria of investment and turnover shall apply for classification of an enterprise as micro, small or medium.

2. If an enterprise crosses the ceiling limits specified for its present category in either of the two criteria of investment or turnover, it will cease to exist in that category and will be placed in the next higher category; but no enterprise shall be placed in the lower category unless it goes below the ceiling limits specified for its present category in both the criteria of investment as well as turnover.

3. All units with Goods and Services Tax Identification Number (GSTIN) listed against the same Permanent Account Number (PAN) shall be collectively treated as one enterprise and the turnover and investment figures for all of such entities shall be seen together and only the aggregate values will be considered for deciding the category as micro, small or medium enterprise.

2.5 Calculation of investment in plant and machinery or equipment

1. The calculation of investment in plant and machinery or equipment will be linked to the Income Tax Return (ITR) of the previous years filed under the Income Tax Act, 1961. The online form for Udyam Registration captures depreciated cost as on 31st March each year of the relevant previous year. Therefore, the value of plant and machinery or equipment for all purposes of the Notification No. S.O. 2119(E) dated June 26, 2020 and for all the enterprises shall mean the Written Down Value (WDV) as at the end of the Financial Year as defined in the Income Tax Act.

2. In case of a new enterprise, where no prior ITR is available, the investment will be based on self-declaration of the promoter of the enterprise and such relaxation shall end after the 31st March of the financial year in which it files its first ITR.

3. The expression ‘’plant and machinery or equipment’’ of the enterprise, shall have the same meaning as assigned to the plant and machinery in the Income Tax Rules, 1962 framed under the Income Tax Act, 1961 and shall include all tangible assets (other than land and building, furniture and fittings).

4. The purchase (invoice) value of a plant and machinery or equipment, whether purchased first-hand or second hand, shall be taken into account excluding Goods and Services Tax (GST), on self-disclosure basis, if the enterprise is a new one without any ITR.

5. The cost of certain items specified in the Explanation I to sub-section (1) of section 7 of the MSMED Act, 2006 shall be excluded from the calculation of the amount of investment in plant and machinery.

2.6 Calculation of turnover

1. Exports of goods or services or both, shall be excluded while calculating the turnover of any enterprise whether micro, small or medium, for the purposes of classification.

2. Information as regards turnover and exports for an enterprise shall be linked to the Income Tax Act or the Central Goods and Services Act (CGST Act) and the GSTIN.

3. The turnover related figures of such enterprise which do not have PAN will be considered on self-declaration basis for a period up to March 31, 2021 and thereafter, PAN and GSTIN shall be mandatory.

2.7 Classification of Enterprises in case of upward /downward migration

In case of an upward change in terms of investment in plant and machinery or equipment or turnover or both, and consequent re-classification, an enterprise will maintain its prevailing status till expiry of one year from the close of the year of registration. In case of reverse-graduation of an enterprise, whether as a result of re-classification or due to actual changes in investment in plant and machinery or equipment or turnover or both, and whether the enterprise is registered under the Act or not, the enterprise will continue in its present category till the closure of the financial year and it will be given the benefit of the changed status only with effect from 1st April of the financial year following the year in which such change took place. Other aspects relating to registration of enterprises, grievance redressal, etc. are mentioned in the Gazette Notification S.O. 2119 (E) dated June 26, 2020.

CHAPTER - III

3. Targets / sub-targets for lending to MSME sector

3.1 Priority Sector Guidelines for MSME sector

Scheduled Commercial Banks shall adhere to the targets/sub-targets for lending to the MSME sector and related aspects as laid down in the Master Direction on Priority Sector Lending (PSL) – Targets and Classification dated September 4, 2020 as updated from time to time.

3.2 In terms of the recommendations of the Prime Minister’s Task Force on MSMEs, banks are advised to achieve:

(i) 20 per cent year-on-year growth in credit to micro and small enterprises,

(ii) 10 per cent annual growth in the number of micro enterprise accounts and

(iii) 60 per cent of total lending to MSE sector as of the corresponding quarter of the previous year to micro enterprises.

CHAPTER - IV

4. Common guidelines/Instructions for lending to MSME sector

4.1 Issue of Acknowledgement of Loan Applications to MSME borrowers

Banks are advised to mandatorily acknowledge all loan applications, submitted manually or online, by their MSME borrowers and ensure that a running serial number is recorded on the application form as well as on the acknowledgement receipt. Banks are further advised to put in place a system of Central Registration of loan applications, online submission of loan applications and a system of e-tracking of MSE loan applications.

4.2 Collateral

Banks are mandated not to accept collateral security in the case of loans up to ₹10 lakh extended to units in the MSE sector. Banks are also advised to extend collateral-free loans up to ₹10 lakh to all units financed under the Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) administered by KVIC. Banks may, on the basis of good track record and financial position of the MSE units, increase the limit to dispense with the collateral requirement for loans up to ₹25 lakh (with the approval of the appropriate authority). Banks are advised to strongly encourage their branch level functionaries to avail of the Credit Guarantee Scheme cover, including making performance in this regard a criterion in the evaluation of their field staff.

4.3 Composite loan

A composite loan limit of ₹1 crore can be sanctioned by banks to enable the MSE entrepreneurs to avail of their working capital and term loan requirement through Single Window.

4.4 Revised General Credit Card (GCC) Scheme

In order to enhance the coverage of GCC Scheme to ensure greater credit linkage for all productive activities within the overall Priority Sector guidelines and to capture all credit extended by banks to individuals for non-farm entrepreneurial activity, the GCC guidelines were revised on December 2, 2013.

4.5 Streamlining flow of credit to Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) for facilitating timely and adequate credit flow during their ‘Life Cycle’:

In order to provide timely financial support to Micro and Small enterprises facing financial difficulties during their ‘Life Cycle’, guidelines were issued to banks vide circular FIDD.MSME & NFS.BC.No.60/06.02.31/2015-16 dated August 27, 2015 on the captioned subject. Banks are advised to review and tune their existing lending policies to the MSE sector by incorporating therein the following provisions so as to facilitate timely and adequate availability of credit to viable MSE borrowers especially during the need of funds in unforeseen circumstances:

1. To extend standby credit facility in case of term loans

2. Additional working capital to meet with emergent needs of MSE units

3. Mid-term review of the regular working capital limits, where banks are convinced that changes in the demand pattern of MSE borrowers require increasing the existing credit limits of the MSMEs, every year based on the actual sales of the previous year.

4. Timelines for Credit Decisions

4.6 Debt Restructuring Mechanism for MSMEs

i) Banks are advised to follow the guidelines/instructions on debt restructuring pertaining to MSMEs contained in the ‘Master Circular - Prudential norms on Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning pertaining to Advances’ as updated from time to time.

ii) All commercial banks are also advised in terms of our circular RPCD.SME&NFS.BC.No.102/06.04.01/2008-09 dated May 4, 2009 to do the following:

1. put in place loan policies governing extension of credit facilities, Restructuring/Rehabilitation policy for revival of potentially viable sick units / enterprises (now read with guidelines on Framework for Revival and Rehabilitation of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises issued on March 17, 2016) and non- discretionary One Time Settlement scheme for recovery of non- performing loans for the MSE sector, with the approval of the Board of Directors and

2. give wide publicity to the One-Time settlement scheme implemented by them, by placing it on the bank’s website and through other possible modes of dissemination. They may allow reasonable time to the borrowers to submit the application and also make payment of the dues in order to extend the benefits of the scheme to eligible borrowers.

3. implement recommendations with regard to timely and adequate flow of credit to the MSE sector.

4.7 Framework for Revival and Rehabilitation of MSMEs

The Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government of India, vide their Gazette Notification dated May 29, 2015 had notified a ‘Framework for Revival and Rehabilitation of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises’ to provide a simpler and faster mechanism to address the stress in the accounts of MSMEs and to facilitate the promotion and development of MSMEs. After carrying out certain changes in the captioned Framework in consultation with the Government of India, Ministry of MSME so as to make it compatible with the existing regulatory guidelines on ‘Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning pertaining to Advances’ issued to banks by RBI, the guidelines on the captioned Framework along with operating instructions were issued to banks on March 17, 2016. The revival and rehabilitation of MSME units having loan limits up to ₹25 crore would be undertaken under this Framework. The revised Framework supersedes our earlier Guidelines on Rehabilitation of Sick Micro and Small Enterprises issued vide our circular RPCD.CO.MSME& NFS.BC.40/06.02.31/2012-2013 dated November 1, 2012, except those relating to Reliefs and Concessions for Rehabilitation of Potentially Viable Units and One Time Settlement, mentioned in the said circular.

The salient features of the Framework are as under:

1. Before a loan account of an MSME turns into a Non-Performing Asset (NPA), banks or creditors should identify incipient stress in the account by creating three sub-categories under the Special Mention Account (SMA) category as given in the Framework

2. Any MSME borrower may also voluntarily initiate proceedings under this Framework

3. Committee approach to be adopted for deciding corrective action plan

4. Timelines have been fixed for taking various decisions under the Framework

4.8 Structured Mechanism for monitoring the credit growth to the MSE sector

In view of the concerns emerging from the deceleration in credit growth to the MSE sector, an Indian Banking Association (IBA)-led Sub-Committee (Chairman: Shri K.R. Kamath) was set up to suggest a structured mechanism to be put in place by banks to monitor the entire gamut of credit related issues pertaining to the sector. Based on the recommendations of the Committee, banks are advised to:

• strengthen their existing systems of monitoring credit growth to the sector and put in place a system-driven comprehensive performance management information system (MIS) at every supervisory level (branch, region, zone, head office) which should be critically evaluated on a regular basis;

• put in place a system of e-tracking of MSE loan applications and monitor the loan application disposal process in banks, giving branch-wise, region-wise, zone-wise and State-wise positions. The position in this regard is to be displayed by banks on their websites.

Detailed guidelines were issued to the scheduled commercial banks vide our circular RPCD. MSME&NFS.BC.No.74/06.02.31/2012-13 dated May 9, 2013.

Chapter - V

5 Institutional arrangements

5.1 Specialised MSME branches

Public sector banks are advised to open at least one specialised branch in each district. Further, banks have been permitted to categorise their general banking branches having 60% or more of their advances to MSME sector as specialized MSME branches in order to encourage them to open more specialised MSME branches for providing better service to this sector as a whole. As per the policy package announced by the Government of India for stepping up credit to MSME sector, the public sector banks would ensure specialized MSME branches in identified clusters/centres with preponderance of small enterprises to enable the entrepreneurs to have easy access to the bank credit and to equip bank personnel to develop requisite expertise. Though their core competence will be utilized for extending finance and other services to MSME sector, they will have operational flexibility to extend finance/render other services to other sectors/borrowers. Banks may take care to train the officials posted in such branches appropriately.

5.2 Empowered Committee on MSMEs

As part of the announcement made by the Union Finance Minister, Empowered Committees on MSMEs are constituted at the Regional Offices of Reserve Bank of India, under the Chairmanship of the Regional Directors with the representatives of SLBC Convenor, senior level officers from two banks having predominant share in MSME financing in the state, representative of SIDBI Regional Office, the Director of MSME or Industries of the State Government, one or two senior level representatives from the MSME Associations in the state, and a senior level officer from SFC/SIDC as members. The Committee would meet periodically and review the progress in MSME financing as also revival and rehabilitation of stressed Micro, Small and Medium units. It would also coordinate with other banks/financial institutions and the state government in removing bottlenecks, if any, to ensure smooth flow of credit to the sector. The committees may decide the need to have similar committees at cluster/district levels.

5.3 Banking Codes and Standards Board of India (BCSBI)

BCSBI in collaboration with the Indian Banks' Association (IBA), Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and member banks had evolved the ‘Code of Bank's Commitment to Micro and Small Enterprises’ - which set minimum standards of banking practices for member banks to follow when they are dealing with Micro and Small Enterprises. The objective of the Code is to promote good banking practices, setting minimum standards for the adherents, increasing transparency, achieving higher operating standards and above all, promoting a cordial banker-customer relationship which would foster confidence in the banking system. The Code lays great emphasis on transparency and providing full information to the customer before a product or service is sold to him/her. Above all, member banks of BCSBI have voluntarily adopted the Code for implementation. While BCSBI has initiated the process of its dissolution, banks may continue to follow their commitments as hitherto under the Code of Bank's Commitment to Micro and Small Enterprises.

5.4 Micro and Small Enterprises Sector – The imperative of Financial Literacy and consultancy support

Keeping in view the high extent of financial exclusion in the MSME sector, it is imperative for banks that the excluded units are brought within the fold of the formal banking sector. The lack of financial literacy, operational skills, including accounting and finance, business planning etc. represent formidable challenge for MSE borrowers underscoring the need for facilitation by banks in these critical financial areas. Moreover, MSE enterprises are further handicapped in this regard by absence of scale and size. To effectively and decisively address these handicaps, scheduled commercial banks were advised vide our circular RPCD.MSME & NFS.BC.No.20/06.02.31/2012-13 dated August 1, 2012 that they could either separately set up special cells at their branches, or vertically integrate this function in the Financial Literacy Centres (FLCs) set up by them, as per their comparative advantage. The bank staff should also be trained through customised training programs to meet the specific needs of the sector. Further, Financial Literacy Centres operated by Scheduled commercial Banks have been advised vide our circular FIDD.FLC.BC.No.22/12.01.018/2016-17 dated March 2, 2017 to conduct target specific financial literacy camps, where one of the target groups is small entrepreneurs.

5.5 Cluster Approach

All SLBC Convenor banks are advised to incorporate in their Annual Credit Plans, the credit requirement in the clusters identified by the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government of India. They are also encouraged to extend banking services in such clusters / agglomerations which have come up and identified subsequently by SLBC / DCC members.

i) As per Ganguly Committee recommendations (September 4, 2004), banks are advised that a full- service approach to cater to the diverse needs of the SSI sector (now MSE sector) may be achieved through extending banking services to recognized MSE clusters by adopting a 4-C approach namely, Customer focus, Cost control, Cross sell and Contain risk. A cluster-based approach to lending may be more beneficial:

a) in dealing with well-defined and recognized groups;

b) for making available of appropriate information for risk assessment; and

c) for monitoring by the lending institutions.

Clusters may be identified based on factors such as trade record, competitiveness and growth prospects and/or other cluster specific data.

ii)All SLBC Convenor banks were advised vide letter RPCD.PLNFS.No.10416/06.02.31/2006-07 dated May 8, 2007 to review their institutional arrangements for delivering credit to the MSME sector, especially in 388 clusters identified by United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) spread over 21 states in various parts of the country. A list of SME clusters as identified by UNIDO has been furnished in Annex I.

iii)The Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises has approved a list of clusters under the Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries (SFURTI) and Micro and Small Enterprises Cluster Development Programme (MSE-CDP) located in 121 Minority Concentration Districts. Accordingly, appropriate measures have been taken to improve the credit flow to the identified clusters of micro and small entrepreneurs from the Minority Communities residing in the minority concentrated districts of the country.

iv) In terms of recommendations of the Prime Minister’s Task Force on MSMEs, banks should open more MSE focused branch offices at different MSE clusters which can also act as Counselling Centres for MSEs. Each lead bank of a district may adopt at least one MSE cluster.

5.6 Delayed Payment

In the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED), Act 2006, the provisions of The Interest on Delayed Payment to Small Scale and Ancillary Industrial Undertakings Act, 1998, have been strengthened as under:

1. The buyer has to make payment to the supplier on or before the date agreed upon between him and the supplier in writing or, in case of no agreement, before the appointed day. The period agreed upon between the supplier and the buyer shall not exceed forty-five days from the date of acceptance or the day of deemed acceptance.

2. In case the buyer fails to make payment of the amount to the supplier, he shall be liable to pay compound interest with monthly rests to the supplier on the amount from the appointed day or, on the date agreed on, at three times of the Bank Rate notified by Reserve Bank.

3. For any goods supplied or services rendered by the supplier, the buyer shall be liable to pay the interest as advised at (ii) above.

4. In case of dispute with regard to any amount due, a reference shall be made to the Micro and Small Enterprises Facilitation Council, constituted by the respective State Government.

Further, banks are advised to fix sub-limits within the overall working capital limits to the large borrowers specifically for meeting the payment obligation in respect of purchases from MSMEs.

CHAPTER - VI

6 Committees on flow of Credit to MSE sector

Scheduled Commercial Banks may be guided by the contents of the following circulars while extending credit to MSE sector:

6.1 Report of the High Level Committee on Credit to SSI (now MSE) (Kapur Committee)

All scheduled commercial banks were advised vide our circular RPCD. No. PLNFS.BC.22/06.02.31/98- 99 dated August 28, 1998 to implement the Kapur Committee Recommendations.

6.2 Report of the Committee to Examine the Adequacy of Institutional Credit to SSI Sector (now MSE) and Related Aspects (Nayak Committee)

All scheduled commercial banks were advised vide our circular RPCD.PLNFS.BC.No. 61/06.0262/2000-01 dated March 2, 2001 to implement the Nayak Committee Recommendations.

6.3 Report of the Working Group on Flow of Credit to SSI (now MSE) Sector (Ganguly Committee)

The recommendations of the Committee were communicated to banks for implementation vide circular RPCD.PLNFS.BC.28/06.02.31(WG)/2004-05 dated September 4, 2004.

6.4 Working Group on Rehabilitation of Sick SMEs (Chairman: Dr. K.C. Chakrabarty)

Banks were advised vide circular dated RPCD.SME&NFS.BC.No.102/06.04.01/2008-09 dated May 4, 2009 to consider implementation of the recommendations, inter alia, that lending in case of all advances upto ₹2 crores may be done on the basis of scoring model.

6.5 Prime Minister’s Task Force on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

A High-Level Task Force was constituted by the Government of India (Chairman: Shri T K A Nair), in January 2010, to consider various issues raised by Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The Task Force recommended several measures having a bearing on the functioning of MSMEs, viz., credit, marketing, labour, exit policy, infrastructure/technology/skill development and taxation. The comprehensive recommendations cover measures that need immediate action as well as medium term institutional measures along with legal and regulatory structures and recommendations for North- Eastern States and Jammu & Kashmir.

Banks are urged to keep in view the recommendations made by the Task Force and take effective steps to increase the flow of credit to the MSE sector, particularly to the micro enterprises. A circular was issued to all scheduled commercial banks vide RPCD.SME&NFS BC.No.90/06.02.31/2009-10 dated June 29, 2010 advising implementation of the recommendations of the Prime Minister’s Task Force on MSMEs.

6.6 Working Group to Review the Credit Guarantee Scheme for Micro and Small Enterprises

A Working Group was constituted by the Reserve Bank of India under the Chairmanship of Shri V.K. Sharma, Executive Director, to review the working of the Credit Guarantee Scheme (CGS) of CGTMSE and suggest measures to enhance its usage and facilitate increased flow of collateral free loans to MSEs. The recommendations of the Working Group included, inter alia, mandatory doubling of the limit for collateral free loans to micro and small enterprises (MSEs) sector from ₹5 lakh to ₹10 lakh and enjoining upon the Chief Executive Officers of banks to strongly encourage the branch level functionaries to avail of the CGS cover and making performance in this regard a criterion in the evaluation of their field staff, etc. have been advised to all banks. A circular to this effect was issued to all scheduled commercial banks vide RPCD.SME&NFS.BC.No.79/06.02.31/2009-10 dated May 6, 2010.

Appendix

List of Circulars consolidated by the Master Direction